Roman Numerals Confusion

TheSlyder

New member
When someone is asking for chords and they are giving as roman numerals i.e IV I etc, I don't know how to understand them? Could someone please explain this to me. Thanks for reading
 
The numbers refer to the possibility of seven (vii) different chords as part of a progression in each key. In C major, for example, the root chord (i) is C and other numbers refer to possible chords that go with that root. It may be the common i, iv, v which is i-Cmajor chord (C+E+G), iv-Fmajor chord (F+A+C), and v-Gmajor (G+B+D), or i,vi, ii, or other progressions. Do a search for chord progressions or the circle of fifths( or fourths) and you'll see relationship. It can get more complex than that, but that's what the roman numerals stand for.

I'm sure more experienced cats like bandcoach will be able to provide a better answer, but that's my understanding based on your question.
 
The numbers refer to the possibility of seven (vii) different chords as part of a progression in each key. In C major, for example, the root chord (i) is C and other numbers refer to possible chords that go with that root. It may be the common i, iv, v which is i-Cmajor chord (C+E+G), iv-Fmajor chord (F+A+C), and v-Gmajor (G+B+D), or i,vi, ii, or other progressions. Do a search for chord progressions or the circle of fifths( or fourths) and you'll see relationship. It can get more complex than that, but that's what the roman numerals stand for.

I'm sure more experienced cats like bandcoach will be able to provide a better answer, but that's my understanding based on your question.

Generally, we write major chords in uppercase. For example, in the key of C Major, Cmaj is denoted as the I chord, Dmin is a lowercase ii since it is minor, and so on.
Whenever a musician is calling out numbers like, "lets play a I IV V blues progression in the key of D major", what he is asking for is a Dmaj chord (I), a Gmaj chord (IV) and an Amaj chord (V).
Using this roman numeral system along with a strong knowledge of your harmonized scales (chords built off each note of a given key) makes transposing and jamming with other musicians much easier.
 
The numbers refer to the possibility of seven (vii) different chords as part of a progression in each key. In C major, for example, the root chord (i) is C and other numbers refer to possible chords that go with that root. It may be the common i, iv, v which is i-Cmajor chord (C+E+G), iv-Fmajor chord (F+A+C), and v-Gmajor (G+B+D), or i,vi, ii, or other progressions. Do a search for chord progressions or the circle of fifths( or fourths) and you'll see relationship. It can get more complex than that, but that's what the roman numerals stand for.

I'm sure more experienced cats like bandcoach will be able to provide a better answer, but that's my understanding based on your question.

It goes a little deeper than that but the above are the main points.

In one simple table all major keys
Key​
I​
ii​
iii​
IV​
V​
vi​
vii[sup]b5[/sup]​
A[sup]b[/sup]
A[sup]b[/sup]​
B[sup]b[/sup]m​
Cm​
D[sup]b[/sup]​
E[sup]b[/sup]​
Fm​
Gm[sup]b5[/sup]​
A
A​
Bm​
C[sup]#[/sup]m​
D​
E​
F[sup]#[/sup]m​
G[sup]#[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
A[sup]#[/sup]
A[sup]#[/sup]​
B[sup]#[/sup]m​
C[sup]##[/sup]m​
D[sup]#[/sup]​
E[sup]#[/sup]​
F[sup]##[/sup]m​
G[sup]##[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
B[sup]b[/sup]
B[sup]b[/sup]​
Cm​
Dm​
E[sup]b[/sup]​
F​
Gm​
Am[sup]b5[/sup]​
B
B​
C[sup]#[/sup]m​
D[sup]#[/sup]m​
E​
F[sup]#[/sup]​
G[sup]#[/sup]m​
A[sup]#[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
B[sup]#[/sup]
B[sup]#[/sup]​
C[sup]##[/sup]m​
D[sup]##[/sup]m​
E[sup]#[/sup]​
F[sup]##[/sup]​
G[sup]##[/sup]m​
A[sup]##[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
C[sup]b[/sup]
C[sup]b[/sup]​
D[sup]b[/sup]m​
E[sup]b[/sup]m​
F[sup]b[/sup]​
G[sup]b[/sup]​
A[sup]b[/sup]m​
B[sup]b[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
C
C​
Dm​
Em​
F​
G​
Am​
Bm[sup]b5[/sup]​
C[sup]#[/sup]
C[sup]#[/sup]​
D[sup]#[/sup]m​
E[sup]#[/sup]m​
F[sup]#[/sup]​
G[sup]#[/sup]​
A[sup]#[/sup]m​
B[sup]#[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
D[sup]b[/sup]
D[sup]b[/sup]​
E[sup]b[/sup]m​
Fm​
G[sup]b[/sup]​
A[sup]b[/sup]​
B[sup]b[/sup]m​
Cm[sup]b5[/sup]​
D
D​
Em​
F[sup]#[/sup]m​
G​
A​
Bm​
C[sup]#[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
D[sup]#[/sup]
D[sup]#[/sup]​
E[sup]#[/sup]m​
F[sup]##[/sup]m​
G[sup]#[/sup]​
A[sup]#[/sup]​
B[sup]#[/sup]m​
C[sup]##[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
E[sup]b[/sup]
E[sup]b[/sup]​
Fm​
Gm​
A[sup]b[/sup]​
B[sup]b[/sup]​
Cm​
Dm[sup]b5[/sup]​
E
E​
F[sup]#[/sup]m​
G[sup]#[/sup]m​
A​
B​
C[sup]#[/sup]m​
D[sup]#[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
E[sup]#[/sup]
E[sup]#[/sup]​
F[sup]##[/sup]m​
G[sup]##[/sup]m​
A[sup]#[/sup]​
B[sup]#[/sup]​
C[sup]##[/sup]m​
D[sup]##[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
F[sup]b[/sup]
F[sup]b[/sup]​
G[sup]b[/sup]m​
A[sup]b[/sup]m​
B[sup]bb[/sup]​
C[sup]b[/sup]​
D[sup]b[/sup]m​
E[sup]b[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
F
F​
Gm​
Am​
B[sup]b[/sup]​
C​
Dm​
Em[sup]b5[/sup]​
F[sup]#[/sup]
F[sup]#[/sup]​
G[sup]#[/sup]m​
A[sup]#[/sup]m​
B​
C[sup]#[/sup]​
D[sup]#[/sup]m​
E[sup]#[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
G[sup]b[/sup]
G[sup]b[/sup]​
A[sup]b[/sup]m​
B[sup]b[/sup]m​
C[sup]b[/sup]​
D[sup]b[/sup]​
E[sup]b[/sup]m​
Fm[sup]b5[/sup]​
G
G​
Am​
Bm​
C​
D​
Em​
F[sup]#[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​
G[sup]#[/sup]
G[sup]#[/sup]​
A[sup]#[/sup]m​
B[sup]#[/sup]m​
C[sup]#[/sup]​
D[sup]#[/sup]​
E[sup]#[/sup]m​
F[sup]##[/sup]m[sup]b5[/sup]​

For more complex progressions you may find that one or more chords have an altered starting note:

If the chord is lowered by a semitone from the natural note in the currently active scale we precede it with a [sup]b[/sup]
If the chord is raised by a semitone from the natural note in the currently active scale we precede it with a [sup]#[/sup]

So for any major scale we might see the following possible chords:

Scale tone MajorsScale tones usedScale tone minorsScale tones usedScale tone dimScale tones usedScale Tone augScale tones used
[sup]b[/sup]I​
[sup]b[/sup]1-[sup]b[/sup]3-[sup]b[/sup]5​
[sup]b[/sup]i​
[sup]b[/sup]1-[sup]bb[/sup]3-[sup]b[/sup]5​
[sup]b[/sup]i[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]1-[sup]bb[/sup]3-[sup]bb[/sup]5​
[sup]b[/sup]I[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]1-[sup]b[/sup]3-5​
I
1-3-5​
i​
1-[sup]b[/sup]3-5​
i[sup]b5[/sup]​
1-[sup]b[/sup]3-[sup]b[/sup]5​
I[sup](#5)[/sup]​
1-3-[sup]#[/sup]5​
[sup]#[/sup]I​
[sup]#[/sup]1-[sup]#[/sup]3-[sup]#[/sup]5​
[sup]#[/sup]i​
[sup]#[/sup]1-3-[sup]#[/sup]5​
[sup]#[/sup]i[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]1-3-5​
[sup]#[/sup]I[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]1-[sup]#[/sup]3-[sup]##[/sup]5​
[sup]b[/sup]II​
[sup]b[/sup]2-4-[sup]b[/sup]6​
[sup]b[/sup]ii​
[sup]b[/sup]2-[sup]b[/sup]4-[sup]b[/sup]6​
[sup]b[/sup]ii[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]2-[sup]b[/sup]4-[sup]bb[/sup]6​
[sup]b[/sup]II[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]2-4-6​
II​
2-[sup]#[/sup]4-6​
ii
2-4-6​
ii[sup]b5[/sup]​
2-4-[sup]b[/sup]6​
II[sup](#5)[/sup]​
2-[sup]#[/sup]4-[sup]#[/sup]6​
[sup]#[/sup]II​
[sup]#[/sup]2-[sup]##[/sup]4-[sup]#[/sup]6​
[sup]#[/sup]ii​
[sup]#[/sup]2-[sup]#[/sup]4-[sup]#[/sup]6​
[sup]#[/sup]ii[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]2-[sup]#[/sup]4-6​
[sup]#[/sup]II[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]2-[sup]##[/sup]4-[sup]##[/sup]6​
[sup]b[/sup]III​
[sup]b[/sup]3-5-[sup]b[/sup]7​
[sup]b[/sup]iii​
[sup]b[/sup]3-[sup]b[/sup]5-[sup]b[/sup]7​
[sup]b[/sup]iii[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]3-[sup]b[/sup]5-[sup]bb[/sup]7​
[sup]b[/sup]III[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]3-5-7​
III​
3-[sup]#[/sup]5-7​
iii
3-5-7​
iii[sup]b5[/sup]​
3-5-[sup]b[/sup]7​
III[sup](#5)[/sup]​
3-[sup]#[/sup]5-[sup]#[/sup]7​
[sup]#[/sup]III​
[sup]#[/sup]3-[sup]##[/sup]5-[sup]#[/sup]7​
[sup]#[/sup]iii​
[sup]#[/sup]3-5-[sup]#[/sup]7​
[sup]#[/sup]iii[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]3-5-7​
[sup]#[/sup]III[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]3-[sup]##[/sup]5-[sup]##[/sup]7​
[sup]b[/sup]IV​
[sup]b[/sup]4-[sup]b[/sup]6-[sup]b[/sup]1​
[sup]b[/sup]iv​
[sup]b[/sup]4-[sup]bb[/sup]6-[sup]b[/sup]1​
[sup]b[/sup]iv[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]4-[sup]bb[/sup]6-[sup]bb[/sup]1​
[sup]b[/sup]IV[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]4-[sup]b[/sup]6-1​
IV
4-6-1​
iv​
4-[sup]b[/sup]6-1​
iv[sup]b5[/sup]​
4-[sup]b[/sup]6-[sup]b[/sup]1​
IV[sup](#5)[/sup]​
4-6-[sup]#[/sup]1​
[sup]#[/sup]IV​
[sup]#[/sup]4-[sup]#[/sup]6-[sup]#[/sup]1​
[sup]#[/sup]iv​
[sup]#[/sup]4-6-[sup]#[/sup]1​
[sup]#[/sup]iv[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]4-6-1​
[sup]#[/sup]IV[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]4-[sup]#[/sup]6-[sup]##[/sup]1​
[sup]b[/sup]V​
[sup]b[/sup]5-[sup]b[/sup]7-[sup]b[/sup]2​
[sup]b[/sup]v​
[sup]b[/sup]5-[sup]bb[/sup]7-[sup]b[/sup]2​
[sup]b[/sup]v[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]5-[sup]bb[/sup]7-[sup]bb[/sup]2​
[sup]b[/sup]V[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]5-[sup]b[/sup]7-2​
V
5-7-2​
v​
5-[sup]b[/sup]7-2​
v[sup]b5[/sup]​
5-[sup]b[/sup]7-[sup]b[/sup]2​
V[sup](#5)[/sup]​
5-7-[sup]#[/sup]2​
[sup]#[/sup]V​
[sup]#[/sup]5-[sup]#[/sup]7-[sup]#[/sup]2​
[sup]#[/sup]v​
[sup]#[/sup]5-7-[sup]#[/sup]2​
[sup]#[/sup]v[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]5-7-2​
[sup]#[/sup]V[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]5-[sup]#[/sup]7-[sup]##[/sup]2​
[sup]b[/sup]VI​
[sup]b[/sup]6-1-[sup]b[/sup]3​
[sup]b[/sup]vi​
[sup]b[/sup]6-[sup]b[/sup]1-[sup]b[/sup]3​
[sup]b[/sup]vi[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]6-[sup]b[/sup]1-[sup]bb[/sup]3​
[sup]b[/sup]VI[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]6-1-3​
VI​
6-[sup]#[/sup]1-3​
vi
6-1-3​
vi[sup]b5[/sup]​
6-1-[sup]b[/sup]3​
VI[sup](#5)[/sup]​
6-[sup]#[/sup]1-[sup]#[/sup]3​
[sup]#[/sup]VI​
[sup]#[/sup]6-[sup]##[/sup]1-[sup]#[/sup]3​
[sup]#[/sup]vi​
[sup]#[/sup]6-[sup]#[/sup]1-[sup]#[/sup]3​
[sup]#[/sup]vi[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]6-[sup]#[/sup]1-3​
[sup]#[/sup]VI[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]6-[sup]##[/sup]1-[sup]##[/sup]3​
[sup]b[/sup]VII​
[sup]b[/sup]7-2-4​
[sup]b[/sup]vii​
[sup]b[/sup]7-[sup]b[/sup]2-4​
[sup]b[/sup]vii[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]7-[sup]b[/sup]2-[sup]b[/sup]4​
[sup]b[/sup]VII[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]b[/sup]7-2-[sup]#[/sup]4​
VII​
7-[sup]#[/sup]2-[sup]#[/sup]4​
vii​
7-2-[sup]#[/sup]4​
vii[sup]b5[/sup]
7-2-4​
VII[sup](#5)[/sup]​
7-[sup]#[/sup]2-[sup]##[/sup]4​
[sup]#[/sup]VII​
[sup]#[/sup]7-[sup]##[/sup]2-[sup]##[/sup]4​
[sup]#[/sup]vii​
[sup]#[/sup]7-[sup]#[/sup]2-[sup]##[/sup]4​
[sup]#[/sup]vii[sup]b5[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]7-[sup]#[/sup]2-4​
[sup]#[/sup]VII[sup](#5)[/sup]​
[sup]#[/sup]7-[sup]##[/sup]2-[sup]###[/sup]4​

The large, bold chords are the normal chords found for any scale, the others are the possible variant triads when using altered tones.

As an example here is the above table rendered in C major

Scale tone MajorsScale tones usedScale tone minorsScale tones usedScale tone dimScale tones usedScale Tone augScale tones used
C[sup]b[/sup]​
C[sup]b[/sup]-E[sup]b[/sup]-G[sup]b[/sup]​
C[sup]b[/sup]m​
C[sup]b[/sup]-E[sup]bb[/sup]-G[sup]b[/sup]​
C[sup]b[/sup]dim​
C[sup]b[/sup]-E[sup]bb[/sup]-G[sup]bb[/sup]​
C[sup]b[/sup]Aug​
C[sup]b[/sup]-E[sup]b[/sup]-G​
C
C-E-G
Cm​
C-E[sup]b[/sup]-G​
Cdim​
C-E[sup]b[/sup]-G[sup]b[/sup]​
CAug​
C-E-G[sup]#[/sup]​
C[sup]#[/sup]​
C[sup]#[/sup]-E[sup]#[/sup]-G[sup]#[/sup]​
C[sup]#[/sup]m​
C[sup]#[/sup]-E-G[sup]#[/sup]​
C[sup]#[/sup]dim​
C[sup]#[/sup]-E-G​
C[sup]#[/sup]Aug​
C[sup]#[/sup]-E[sup]#[/sup]-G[sup]##[/sup]​
D[sup]b[/sup]​
D[sup]b[/sup]-F-A[sup]b[/sup]​
D[sup]b[/sup]m​
D[sup]b[/sup]-F[sup]b[/sup]-A[sup]b[/sup]​
D[sup]b[/sup]dim​
D[sup]b[/sup]-F[sup]b[/sup]-A[sup]bb[/sup]​
D[sup]b[/sup]Aug​
D[sup]b[/sup]-F-A​
D​
D-F[sup]#[/sup]-A​
Dm
D-F-A
Ddim​
D-F-A[sup]b[/sup]​
DAug​
D-F[sup]#[/sup]-A[sup]#[/sup]​
D[sup]#[/sup]​
D[sup]#[/sup]-F[sup]##[/sup]-A[sup]#[/sup]​
D[sup]#[/sup]m​
D[sup]#[/sup]-F[sup]#[/sup]-A[sup]#[/sup]​
D[sup]#[/sup]dim​
D[sup]#[/sup]-F[sup]#[/sup]-A​
D[sup]#[/sup]Aug​
D[sup]#[/sup]-F[sup]##[/sup]-A[sup]##[/sup]​
E[sup]b[/sup]​
E[sup]b[/sup]-G-B[sup]b[/sup]​
E[sup]b[/sup]m​
E[sup]b[/sup]-G[sup]b[/sup]-B[sup]b[/sup]​
E[sup]b[/sup]dim​
E[sup]b[/sup]-G[sup]b[/sup]-B[sup]bb[/sup]​
E[sup]b[/sup]Aug​
E[sup]b[/sup]-G-B​
E​
E-G[sup]#[/sup]-B​
Em
E-G-B
Edim​
E-G-B[sup]b[/sup]​
EAug​
E-G[sup]#[/sup]-B[sup]#[/sup]​
E[sup]#[/sup]​
E[sup]#[/sup]-G[sup]##[/sup]-B[sup]#[/sup]​
E[sup]#[/sup]m​
E[sup]#[/sup]-G[sup]#[/sup]-B[sup]#[/sup]​
E[sup]#[/sup]dim​
E[sup]#[/sup]-G[sup]#[/sup]-B​
E[sup]#[/sup]Aug​
E[sup]#[/sup]-G[sup]##[/sup]-B[sup]##[/sup]​
F[sup]b[/sup]​
F[sup]b[/sup]-A[sup]b[/sup]-C[sup]b[/sup]​
F[sup]b[/sup]m​
F[sup]b[/sup]-A[sup]bb[/sup]-C[sup]b[/sup]​
F[sup]b[/sup]dim​
F[sup]b[/sup]-A[sup]bb[/sup]-C[sup]bb[/sup]​
F[sup]b[/sup]Aug​
F[sup]b[/sup]-A[sup]b[/sup]-C​
F
F-A-C
Fm​
F-A[sup]b[/sup]-C​
Fdim​
F-A[sup]b[/sup]-C[sup]b[/sup]​
FAug​
F-A-C[sup]#[/sup]​
F[sup]#[/sup]​
F[sup]#[/sup]-A[sup]#[/sup]-C[sup]#[/sup]​
F[sup]#[/sup]m​
F[sup]#[/sup]-A-C[sup]#[/sup]​
F[sup]#[/sup]dim​
F[sup]#[/sup]-A-C​
F[sup]#[/sup]Aug​
F[sup]#[/sup]-A[sup]#[/sup]-C[sup]##[/sup]​
G[sup]b[/sup]​
G[sup]b[/sup]-B[sup]b[/sup]-D[sup]b[/sup]​
G[sup]b[/sup]m​
G[sup]b[/sup]-B[sup]bb[/sup]-D[sup]b[/sup]​
G[sup]b[/sup]dim​
G[sup]b[/sup]-B[sup]bb[/sup]-D[sup]b[/sup][sup]b[/sup]​
G[sup]b[/sup]Aug​
G[sup]b[/sup]-B[sup]b[/sup]-D​
G
G-B-D
Gm​
G-B[sup]b[/sup]-D​
Gdim​
G-B[sup]b[/sup]-D[sup]b[/sup]​
GAug​
G-B-D[sup]#[/sup]​
G[sup]#[/sup]​
G[sup]#[/sup]-B[sup]#[/sup]-D[sup]#[/sup]​
G[sup]#[/sup]m​
G[sup]#[/sup]-B-D[sup]#[/sup]​
G[sup]#[/sup]dim​
G[sup]#[/sup]-B-D​
G[sup]#[/sup]Aug​
G[sup]#[/sup]-B[sup]#[/sup]-D[sup]##[/sup]​
A[sup]b[/sup]​
A[sup]b[/sup]-C-E[sup]b[/sup]​
A[sup]b[/sup]m​
A[sup]b[/sup]-C[sup]b[/sup]-E[sup]b[/sup]​
A[sup]b[/sup]dim​
A[sup]b[/sup]-C[sup]b[/sup]-E[sup]bb[/sup]​
A[sup]b[/sup]Aug​
A[sup]b[/sup]-C-E​
A​
A-C[sup]#[/sup]-E​
Am
A-C-E
Adim​
A-C-E[sup]b[/sup]​
AAug​
A-C[sup]#[/sup]-E[sup]#[/sup]​
A[sup]#[/sup]​
A[sup]#[/sup]-C[sup]##[/sup]-E[sup]#[/sup]​
A[sup]#[/sup]m​
A[sup]#[/sup]-C[sup]#[/sup]-E[sup]#[/sup]​
A[sup]#[/sup]dim​
A[sup]#[/sup]-C[sup]#[/sup]-E​
A[sup]#[/sup]Aug​
A[sup]#[/sup]-C[sup]##[/sup]-E[sup]##[/sup]​
B[sup]b[/sup]​
B[sup]b[/sup]-D-F​
B[sup]b[/sup]m​
B[sup]b[/sup]-D[sup]b[/sup]-F​
B[sup]b[/sup]dim​
B[sup]b[/sup]-D[sup]b[/sup]-F[sup]b[/sup]​
B[sup]b[/sup]Aug​
B[sup]b[/sup]-D-F[sup]#[/sup]​
B​
B-D[sup]#[/sup]-F[sup]#[/sup]​
Bm​
B-D-F[sup]#[/sup]​
Bdim
B-D-F
BAug​
B-D[sup]#[/sup]-F[sup]##[/sup]​
B[sup]#[/sup]​
B[sup]#[/sup]-D[sup]##[/sup]-F[sup]##[/sup]​
B[sup]#[/sup]m​
B[sup]#[/sup]-D[sup]#[/sup]-F[sup]##[/sup]​
B[sup]#[/sup]dim​
B[sup]#[/sup]-D[sup]#[/sup]-F[sup]#[/sup]​
B[sup]#[/sup]Aug​
B[sup]#[/sup]-D[sup]##[/sup]-F[sup]###[/sup]​
 
Last edited:
Back
Top