just do a google search using the terms "synthesizer", "syntheses", "tutorial", "subtractive", etc, etc...
You'll get all the info you could possibly need.
(by the way, all the "synthesis" terms you mentioned are also used in samplers... assuming you don't use your sampler simply as a "music clip playback machine" you should already be familiar with all those functions... there is absolutely no difference in use or function whatsoever. The only difference is that instead of those parameters affecting a sample you recorded, they are affecting a sample in the synthesizer's ROM or affecting an oscillator)