It says Realtek high definition audio. I also have an option for an "amd high definition audio" but it says it's not plugged in
That's a thirdparty audio driver, and could pretty much be why you're having this issue. If I were you I would go back to that small tab and click "Properties" next to where you read the audio driver name, then go to the "Driver"-tab, and choose "Uninstall", and it should then be set to the default Windows audio driver. See if the audio changes
Before you do this, make sure you check what version of Realtek audio driver you're running, so you know what version to google and download in case you get some error.
However, the issue could actually instead be that it is your phone that has a colored sound, with perhaps a bass boost and a much louder signal, meaning your computer signal actually sounds good, but you're comparing it with something that has been altered (the audio on your phone). That's just a thought that occured to me now.
If you want a powerful new computer, take my advice and buy a desktop, not a laptop. I've done this mistake myself, spending a lot of cash on a powerful laptop, and I will never again buy a "powerful" laptop. The next computer I buy will be a homebuilt power-pc.
The reason why is simply because all parts inside a laptop are watered down versions so they won't consume too much energy -> you get a longer battery life, which is the thing that sells today. I even dare to say that if you take 2 copies of a computer component (the same model), for instance a processor, of which one is built for a laptop, and one for a desktop, the laptop version won't perform as well.
Another problem with components in laptops is that they can pretty much never reach maximum performance as they'll simply get too hot and need to initiate a mode where they don't perform as good for a little while to prevent damage on the hardware. This is known as Thermal Throttling, and is especially common in more powerful laptops. So you may have a good laptop and the audio in your DAW may run just fine, but 10 minutes later you start getting underruns even though you haven't done anything special.