basic beat structures in western pop music all pretty much follow the same pattern. The following is an example of a typical hip-hop beat structure.
intro - 4 or 8 bars
verse 1 - 16 bars
hook (chorus) - 8 bars
verse 2 - 16 bars
hook (chorus) - 8 bars
verse 3 - 8 to 16 bars
hook (chorus) - 8 or 16 bars
outro/fade - anything from 4 to 32 bars, depending on how long you want the beat to ride out (usually longer if you know your beat is crazy!)
as a reference, check out something like sunshine by lupe fiasco (food & liquor) and you'll be able to make the links between the structure i've provided and the structure of that tune.
As for what names of sections mean, i think it's pretty straightforward and having been a musician for 15 years and a songwriter for 10, i can honestly say that i've never used names for the sections of my structure other than the ones i've mentioned above and a few others, such as 'bridge', 'refrain' and jazz terminology like a, b, c and d sections (which is actually even more simple). I hope this helps.
Peace!