The process of constructing a complex sound using a series of fundamental frequencies (pure tones or sine waves). Each of the fundamental frequencies usually has its own amplitude envelope which allows independent control of each partial(harmonic). Pipe organs or Hammond organs are both instruments which are based on additive synthesis.
In additive synthesis pure tones are added together to create more complex composite timbres. In theory a complex timbre which has been analysed into its sinusoidal components by means of some kind of Fourier transform can then be reconstructed by means of additive synthesis.
Additive synthesis has the advantage that the many micro-variations in the frequency and amplitude of individual partials which make natural sounds so rich and lively can be recreated. This form of synthesis allows control over the individual simple components by means of individual envelopes for amplitude and frequency.
The disadvantage with this form of synthesis is its inefficiency in that a great deal of data must be specified to define a sound of any complexity of detail.
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